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Kholminka Formation
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Kholminka Fm base reconstruction

Kholminka Fm


Period: 
Cretaceous

Age Interval: 
Late Cretaceous (S-4)


Province: 
Siberia southeast

Type Locality and Naming

Khor-Dalnin zone of central Sikhote-Alin uplift


Lithology and Thickness

The Kholminka Formation is subdivided into the lower and upper members. Lower member is composed of sandstones, tuffaceous sandstones and siltstones with basal conglomerates and gravelstones and lava and tuffs in the middle part. The total thickness of the lower member is more than 700 m. Upper member is composed of silty mudstones and sandstones with rare lenses and beds of andesite tuffs and tuffits with a total thickness of 820 m.


Lithology Pattern: 
Sandstone


Relationships and Distribution

Lower contact

The Kholminka Formation unconformably rests on the Middle Triassic-Jurassic siliceous-terrigenous rocks, on the Valanginian-age Klyuchi Fm or on the supposedly Jurassic basalts and basaltic andesites.

Upper contact

Major disconformity, overlain by un-named volcanic ash unit, then Dorofeevka Fm.

Regional extent


GeoJSON

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Fossils

Lower Member yields fossil plants including Asplenium dicksonianum, Cladophlebis frigida, Elatides asiatica, Zamites sp., Athrotaxopsis expansa, Nilssonia sp., Onychiopsis psilotoides, and bivalves, including “Callista” ex gr. pseudoplana, “C.” sculpturata and Modiolus sp. (Markevich et al., 2000). Upper Member contains ammonite Paragastroplites ex gr. spiekeri and an assemblage of bivalves including Entolium utukokense, Thracia semiplana, T. cf. phillipsi, Pleuromya sp. ind., “Callista” pseudoplana, Ussuritrigonia cf. ussurica, Buchotrigonia sp. ind., Oxytoma camselli, Camptonectes ex gr. dattermani, Liostrea sp. ind., Modiolus sp., Lima sp. ind (Markevich et al., 2000).


Age 

Albian; and coeval with Klenovka Fm. But, for graphic purposes, displayed as upper half of interval here.

Age Span: 

    Beginning stage: 
Albian

    Fraction up in beginning stage: 
0.65

    Beginning date (Ma): 
104.95

    Ending stage: 
Albian

    Fraction up in the ending stage: 
0.8

    Ending date (Ma):  
103.04

Depositional setting


Depositional pattern:  


Additional Information


Compiler:  

Igor N. Kosenko, Jingeng Sha and Boris N. Shurygin (2021). Upper Mesozoic stratigraphy of Sikhote-Alin (Russian Far East) and northeastern China: Non-marine and marine correlations. Part 1: Upper Jurassic-Hauterivian AND 2. Barremian-Aptian. Cretaceous Research, 124: articles 104811 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2021.104811) AND 104812 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2021.104812)